Stedman, Edmund C. Battle of Bull Run. Rudd And Carleton, 130 Grand Street., Mdccclxi, 1861, http://www.archive.org/stream/battleofbullrun00sted#page/n5/mode/2up.
Furgurson, Ernest B. “The Battle of Bull Run: The End of Illusions.” Smithsonian, Smithsonian.com, Aug. 2011, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-battle-of-bull-run-the-end-of-illusions-17525927/.
Despite the stifling summer weather — never mind the prospect of bloody combat — scores of onlookers, with parasols and opera glasses, in carriages and on horseback, flocked from Washington to the fields near Manassas for the first big battle of the Civil War.
Ruane, Michael E. “Battle of Bull Run Provided a Surprising Start to the Bloody Civil War.” The Washington Post, 15 July 2011, https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/battle-of-bull-run-provided-a-surprising-start-to-the-bloody-civil-war/2011/06/30/gIQAa7OOGI_story.html?utm_term=.e33dffc7144f.
Luebke, Peter. “First Battle of Manassas.” Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 1 Jan. 2000, https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Manassas_First_Battle_of.
A Narrative of the Battles of Bull Run and Manassas Junction, July 18th and 21st, 1861. Accounts of the Advance of Both Armies, the Battles, and the Defeat and Rout of the Enemy. Compiled Chiefly from the Detailed Reports of the Virginia and South Carolina Press. Charleston, Press Of Evans & Cogswell, 1861, http://www.archive.org/stream/narrativeofbattl00char#mode/2up.
Johnston, Joseph E., and G. T. Beauregard. Official Reports of Generals Johnson [Sic] and Beauregard of the Battle of Manassas, July 21st, 1861. Richmond: Tyler, Wise, Allegre And Smith, Prs, 1862, pp. 3–45, http://www.archive.org/stream/officialreport00conf#page/n5/mode/2up.
An address by Edwin S. Barrett, delivered in the Town Hall, Concord, Mass., July 21st, 1886, on the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Bull Run, at the re-union of the veterans of Co. G (Concord artillery), Fifth regiment.
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